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In physics, the AdS/CFT correspondence is the equivalence between a string theory (or some other theory of quantum gravity) defined on some sort of anti de Sitter space (AdS) (or the product of AdS with some closed manifold like sphere, orbifold, or noncommutative space), and a conformal field theory (CFT) (or a quantum field theory without gravity) defined on the boundary of this AdS space, whose dimension is lower by one. An example is the duality between Type IIB string theory defined on AdS5 × S5 space (a product of five dimensional AdS space with a five dimensional sphere) and a supersymmetric N=4 Yang-Mills gauge theory defined on the 4-dimensional boundary of AdS5. It is the most successfully tested realization of the holographic principle, a speculative idea about quantum gravity originally proposed by Gerard 't Hooft and improved and promoted by Leonard Susskind.
The AdS/CFT correspondence was originally proposed by Juan Maldacena in late 1997. Some of its technical properties were soon clarified in an article by Edward Witten and another article by Gubser, Klebanov, and Polyakov. The correspondence has also been generalized and applied to many other (non-AdS) backgrounds or (non-conformal) theories. In about five years, Maldacena's article had 3000 citations and became one of the most obvious conceptual breakthroughs in theoretical physics of the 1990s, providing stark new insight into both quantum gravity and QCD.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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