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Medical ultrasonography (sonography) is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize muscles and internal organs, their size, structures and any pathological lesions. Obstetric sonography is commonly used during pregnancy. more...

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Ultrasound is also used medically for theraputic uses.

In physics the term "ultrasound" applies to all acoustic energy with a frequency above human hearing (20,000 Hertz or 20 kilohertz). Typical diagnostic sonography scanners operate in the frequency range of 2 to 13 megahertz, hundreds of times greater than this limit. The choice of frequency is a trade-off between the image spatial resolution and the penetration depth into the patient, with lower frequencies giving less resolution and greater imaging depth.

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Diagnostic applications

Sonography (ultrasonography) is widely utilized in medicine. It is possible to perform diagnosis or therapeutic procedures with the guidance of sonography (for instance biopsies or drainage of fluid collections). Sonographers are medical professionals who perform scans for diagnostic purposes; they work with specialized doctors called sonologists who provide reports of the images obtained. Sonographers typically use a hand-held probe (called a transducer) that is placed directly on and moved over the patient. A water-based gel is used to couple the ultrasound between the probe and patient.

Ultrasound is effective for imaging soft tissues of the body. Superficial structures such as muscles, tendons, testes, breast and neonatal brain (through the fontanelles) are imaged at a higher frequency (7-15 MHz), which provides better axial and lateral resolution. Deeper structures such as liver and kidney are imaged at a lower frequency 1-6 MHz with lower axial and lateral resolution but greater penetration.

Medical sonography is used in, for example:

Cardiology; see echocardiography; Endocrinology; Gastroenterology; Gynaecology; see gynecologic ultrasonography; Obstetrics; see obstetric ultrasonography; Ophthalmology; see A-scan ultrasonography, B-scan ultrasonography; Urology; Musculoskeletaltendons, muscles nerves; Vascular, arteries and veins; Intravascular ultrasound (e.g. ultrasound guided fluid aspiration, fine needle aspiration, guided injections); Intervenional; Contrast enhanced ultrasound;

A general-purpose ultrasound machine may be able to be used for most imaging purposes. Usually specialty applications may be served only by use of a specialty transducer. Echocardiography is a major sub-specialty of diagnostic ultrasound that is different. The dynamic nature of cardiac studies generally requires specialized features in an ultrasound machine for it to be effective.

Obstetrical ultrasound is commonly used during pregnancy to check on the development of the fetus.

In a pelvic ultrasound, organs of the pelvic region are imaged. This includes the uterus and ovaries or urinary bladder. Men are sometimes given a pelvic ultrasound to check on the health of their bladder and prostate. There are two methods of performing a pelvic ultrasound - externally or internally. The internal pelvic ultrasound is perfomed either transvaginally (in a woman) or transrectally (in a man). See:-

Read more at Wikipedia.org